Raqs Sharqi dancer Chryssanthi Sahar Scharf, Heidelberg.
Belly dance is a Western name for an Arabic style of dance developed in the Middle East. In Europe, it is sometimes called an oriental dance. Similarly, bellydancing In Turkish it is referred to as oryantal dansı ("Dance of the East"). Some bellly dancing American devotees refer to it simply as "Middle Eastern Dance".
In the Arabic language it is known as raqs sharqi رقص شرقي ("eastern dance") or sometimes raqs baladi رقص بلدي ("national" or "folk" dance). The term "raqs sharqi" may have originated in Egypt.
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Contents
- 1 General
- 2 Raqs belly dacing Sharqi
- 3 Turkish forms
- 4 Belly dancing in the Western world
- 4.1 Belly dance in the United States
- 4.2 Belly belly dancin dance in Australia
- 5 Male belly dancing
- 6 Health and belly dancing
- 6.1 Belly dancing and weight loss
- 7 Prohibition bally dancing of belly dancing
- 8 Belly dancing in pop culture
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 Notes
- 12 External links
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General
The exact origin of this dance form is an actively debated subject among dance enthusiasts, especially given the limited academic research on the topic. Much of the research in this area has been done by dancers attempting to understand their dance's origins. belly dancing Many dancers subscribe to one or another of a number of theories regarding the belly dancing music origins of the form. Some of these theories are that it:
- descended from dances in early Egypt
- descended from a religious dance Temple Priestesses once practiced
- had been a part of traditional birthing practices in the region(s) of belly dancing clothing origin,
- had spread from the migrations belly dancing costumes of the Roma people and related groups.
Of the theories, the first explanation is rarely invoked, even with such high-status proponents as the Egyptian Dancer Doctor Mo Geddawi promoting it. Much of the support for this theory stems from the similarities between poses in belly dancing outfits Egyptian artwork and the modern dance moves.
The most well-known theory is that it descended from a religious dance. This idea is usually the one referred to belly dancing clothes in mainstream articles on the topic, and has enjoyed a large amount belly dancing lessons of publicity. 1960s American Singer/Dancer Jamila Salimpour was one proponent. It was also popularized in works such as Earth Dancing and belly dancing history Grandmother's Secrets.
The "birthing practices" theory covers a sub-set of dance movements in modern Raqs Sharqi. Strongly publicized by the research belly dancing classes of the dancer/layperson anthropologist Morocco (also known as Carolina Varga Dinicu), it involves the rework of movements traditionally utilized to demonstrate or ease childbirth. Although lacking an "origin point", this theory does belly dancing videos have the advantage of numerous oral historical references, and is backed by a commentary in the work The shakira belly dancing Dancer of Shamahka.
Two points suggest Roma dance as its origin. The Roma , and other related groups, are seen as either having brought the form over as they traveled, or belly dancing tassel belt picked it up along the way and spread it around. Thanks to the conflation of Roma forms of dance into the Raqs Sharqi sphere in the West, these theories enjoy a vogue in the West that is not necessarily reflected in their origin belly dancing costume countries -- although some of that may be due to strongly-held prejudices against the Roma.
Whatever the history of belly dancing origin point, dance has a long history in the Middle East. Despite the restrictions in Islam regarding portraying belly dancing attire humans in paintings, there are several depictions of dancers throughout the Islamic world. Books such as The Art and Architecture of Islam belly dancing and a flat stomach 650-1250 show images of dancers on palace walls, as do Persian miniature paintings from the 12th and 13th centuries.
Outside of the Middle East, raqs sharqi dancing was popularized during the Romantic movement in the 18th and 19th centuries as Orientalist artists depicted belly dancing hip scarves their interpretations of harem life in the Ottoman Empire. Around this time, dancers belly dancing lessons in bristol from different Middle Eastern countries began to exhibit such dances at various World's Fairs; they often drew crowds that belly dancing belts rivaled the technological exhibits. Some dancers were captured on early film; the short film "Fatima's Dance", was widely distributed in the nickelodeon movie theaters. It drew criticism for its "immodest" dancing, and was eventually censored due to public pressure.
Some Western women began to belly dancing moves learn from and imitate the dances of the Middle East, which at this time was subject to colonization by European countries. Mata Hari exemplifies the issues surrounding belly dancing dance instruction video vhs new these activities; despite posing belly dancing exercise videos as a Javanese dancer, her mystique is linked not to Indonesian dance but to the Middle Eastern dance forms. The French author Colette and many other music hall performers engaged in "oriental" dances, sometimes passing belly dancing lessons long island off their own interpretations as authentic folkloric styles. The great dancer Ruth St. Denis also engaged in Middle Eastern-inspired dancing, but her approach was belly dancing music mp3 to put "oriental" dancing on the stage in the context of ballet, her goal being to lift all belly dancing scarves dance to a respectable art form. (In the early 1900s, it was a common social assumption in America and Europe that dancers were women of loose morals.)
Historically, most belly dancing apparel of the dances associated with belly dance were performed with the sexes separated; men with men and women with women. Few depictions of mixed dancing exist. This practice ensured that a "good" woman would not be belly dancing hip scarf seen dancing by anyone but her husband, her close family, or her female friends. Sometimes a professional dancer would go to belly dancing jewelry a women's gathering with several musicians and get the women up and dancing. Sex segregation was not a strict practice, however, and sometimes both men and women belly dancing coin wraps would get up and dance among close friends in a mixed function.
Belly dancing often features the natural "roundness" of the female body, belly dancing scarf in contrast to the modern Western cultural preference for flat abdomens. Most of the basic steps and techniques used in belly dance are circular motions isolated in one part arabian belly dancing of the body; for example, a circle parallel to the floor isolated in the hips or shoulders. Accents using "pop and lock" where belly dancing classes in dallas, tx. a dancer either shimmies or makes a striking motion in her belly dancing dance malaga shoulders or hips are common, as are feats of flexibility, rolling one's belly muscles, balancing various props like baskets, swords or canes, and dancing with chiffon or silk veils.
Raqs Sharqi
Despite its western name (“belly dancing”), Raqs belly dancing lessons,sherman texas Sharqi uses movements in every muscle group of the body. It is fundamentally a solo improvisational dance with its own unique dance vocabulary that is fluidly integrated with the belly dancing scarfs music’s rhythm.
Raqs Sharqi dancers internalize and express the emotions evoked by the music. Appropriately, the music is integral to the dance. The most admired Raqs Sharqi dancers are those who belly dancing yoga can best project their emotions through dance, even if their dance is made belly dancing lessons in south gloucester up of simplistic movements. The dancer’s goal is to visually communicate to the audience the emotion and belly dancing names rhythm of the music. This especially apparent during the drum solo portion of a performance.
Many see Raqs Sharqi as a woman's dance, celebrating the sensuality exercise videos belly dancing and power of being a mature woman. A common school of thought believes that young dancers have limited life experience to use as a catalyst for dance.citation needed] Sohair Zaki, Fifi Abdou, Lucy, and Dina are all popular Egyptian dancers in Egypt above the age of forty.
Despite the fame belly dancing classes houston of female dancers, men often perform Raqs Sharqi as well.
Egyptian-style belly dance is based on the work of belly dancing for fitness the ultimate dance workout that belly dance legends Samia Gamal, Tahiya Karioka, Naima Akef, and other dancers who rose to fame during the golden years of the Egyptian film industry. Later dancers who based their styles partially on the dances of these artists are belly dancing lessions columbia sc Sohair Zaki, Fifi Abdou, and Nagwa Fouad. All rose to fame between 1960 and 1980, are childrens belly dancing classes still popular today, and have nearly risen to the same level of stardom and influence on the style.
Though the basic movements of Raqs Sharqi have remained the same, the dance form continues to evolve. Mahmoud Reda belly dancing + perth is noted for incorporating elements of belly dancing fl ballet into Raqs Sharqi and his influence can be seen in modern Egyptian dancers who stand on relevé as they turn or travel through their dance space in a circle or figure eight.
In Egypt, three main forms of belly dancing fort worth the traditional dance are associated with belly dance: Baladi, Sha'bi and Sharqi.
Egyptian belly dance was among the first styles to be witnessed by Westerners. During Napoleon's invasion belly dancing gif of Egypt (the campaign which yielded the Rosetta stone, leading to the translation of Egyptian hieroglyphics), Napoleon's troops encountered the belly dancing lessons, dallas texas Ghawazee tribe. The Ghawazee made their living as professional entertainers and musicians. The women often engaged in prostitution on the side, and often had a street dedicated to their trade in the belly dancing wallpaper background towns where they resided, though some were quasi-nomadic. At first the French were repelled by their heavy jewelry and fertility and belly dancing hair, and found their dancing "barbaric", but were soon lured by the hypnotic nature of their movementscitation needed].
The most important non-Egyptian forms of belly dance are the Syrian/Lebanese and the Turkish. The Raqs Sharqi was used to help strengthen a womans body for childbirth.
Turkish forms
Some mistakenly belly dancing dvd believe that Turkish oriental belly dancing mp3 dancing is known as Çiftetelli due to the fact that this style of music has been incorporated into oriental dancing by Greeks belly dancing outfits san diego and gypsies, illustrated by the fact that the Greek belly dance is called Tsifteteli. However, Turkish Çiftetelli is more correctly a form of wedding folk music, the part that belly dancing slippers makes up the lively part of the dance at the wedding and is not connected with oriental dancing.
Even though Turkish belly dancing has deep roots in the Sultan's palatial harems of belly dancing video the Ottoman Empire, Turkish belly dance today may have been more influenced by Roman, or Roma people than to the Egyptian and Syrian/Lebanese forms, having developed from the Ottoman rakkas to the oriental dance free belly dancing classes known worldwide today. As Turkish law does not impose restrictions on Turkish dancers' movements and costuming as in Egypt, where dancers are prevented from performing free belly dancing lessons floor work and certain pelvic movements, Turkish online belly dancing dancers are often more outwardly expressive than their Egyptian sisters. Turkish dance also remains closer to its Romany roots because many professional dancers and musicians in Turkey continue to be of Romany origins of belly dancing heritage. However it should be noted that people of Turkish Romany heritage also have a distinct dance style which is uniquely different from the Turkish Oriental style. Turkish turquoise belly dancing scarf dancers are known for their energetic, athletic (even gymnastic) style, and particularly, until the past few years, their adept use of finger cymbals, also known as zils. Connoisseurs of Turkish dance often where to begin belly dancing say that a dancer who cannot play the zils is not an accomplished dancer. Another distinguishing element belly dancing animations of the Turkish style is the use of the Karsilama rhythm in a 9/8 time signature, belly dancing clothes, south florida counted as 12-34-56-789. Turkish belly dance costumes can be very revealing, with the belt sometimes worn high up on the waist and split skirts which expose the entire leg, although dancers today are costuming themselves more like belly dancing in dunwoody ga Egyptian dancers and wearing more modest "mermaid"-style skirts. The Turkish style is emphasized further by the dancer wearing high heels and often belly dancing outfit platform shoes. Famous Turkish belly dancers include Tulay Karaca and Birgul Berai.
When immigrants from Turkey, Iran, and the Arab states began to immigrate to New York in the 1930s and belly dancing portland oregon 1940s, dancers started to perform a mixture of these styles in the nightclubs and restaurants. Often called "Classic Cabaret" or "American Cabaret" belly dance, these dancers are the grandmothers belly dancing techniques and great-grandmothers of some of today's most accomplished performers, such as Anahid Sofian and Artemis Mourat.
Belly dancing in children belly dancing classes in davie the Western world
The term "belly dancing" (believed by some to be a mis-transliteration of egiptian belly dancing video clips the term for the dance style Beledi or Baladi) is generally credited to Sol Bloom, entertainment director of the 1893 World's Fair, the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago. goddess belly dancing classes in hollywood fl It was in the Egyptian Theater, where the USA first saw Raqs dancers, that Bloom presented "The Algerian dancers of Morocco". The dancer who stole the show, and who continued to popularize this form of dancing, was "Fatima", also known as kids belly dancing pembroke pines Little Egypt. arabian belly dancing music Her real name was Farida Mazar Spyropoulos (but others may have been the real "Little Egypt" because Bloom had multiple dancers who claimed to be her) and oddly enough she was neither Egyptian nor Algerian, but Syrian.
The dance performed by Little Egypt was nicknamed the basic steps moves of belly dancing "Hootchy-Kootchy" or "Hoochee-Coochee", or the shimmy and shake. The origin of the name is likely derived from the kuchi jewelry worn by the Kuchi people belly dancing australia of Afghanistan. The kuchi jewelry and belts were introduced to belly dancing classes in columbia maryland westerners with belly dance (kuchi jewelry is still worn today by many tribal belly dancers). Over time, the more traditional dance, that was at the time of its introduction to the belly dancing classes, dallas.fort worth western world considered risqué, became the "hootchy-kootchy," which has taken on the meaning of an erotic suggestive dance. Another name for the dance is "danse du ventre", which belly dancing in melbourne in French literally means "dance of the stomach."
Because this dance style created such a craze, Thomas Edison made several films of dancers in the 1890s. Included in these are the belly dancing instructional tape and/or dvd Turkish dance, Ella Lola, 1898 and Crissie Sheridan in 1897 both available for belly dancing lessons in ma on-line viewing through the Library of Congress. Another in this collection is Princess Rajah dance from 1904 which features a dancer belly dancing lessons, manassas, va playing Zils (finger cymbals), doing "floor work", and balancing a chair in her teeth.
In addition, the sensational stories about the pseudo-Javanese dancer Mata Hari, who was convicted in 1917 belly dancing photos by the French for being a German spy during World War I, and the fact that belly dancing could be seen only at vaudeville belly dancing steps and in burlesque shows gave belly dancing a questionable reputation in polite society. Hollywood did not help the reputation by only having three roles for a belly dancing supplies belly dancer (those of slave to be saved, a background dancer while the main characters talk, or a deceitful woman who uses her wiles to joy of belly dancing trick the main character), which created stereotypes of belly dancers that many dancers and instructors today are working hard to overcome. It is due to these stereotypes that tribal belly dancing many practitioners refer to the art as "Middle Eastern Dance".
While the beautiful classical Raqs Sharqi is still popular in the West, those dancers have also embraced other forms such as Tribal Style what types of belly dancing are there and American Tribal Style inspired by the folkloric dance belly dance drum solo tabla belly dancing fitness styles of India, the Middle East and North Africa and even flamenco. Dancers in the United States, while respecting the origins of belly dance, are also exploring and belly dancing class in marble falls creating within the dance form to address their own needs. Many women today in the U.S. and Europe approach belly dance as a tool for empowerment and strengthening of the body, mind, and spirit. Issues of body-image, self-esteem, healing from belly dancing classes in massachusetts sexual violation, sisterhood, and self-authentication are regularly addressed in belly dance classes everywhere.
Belly belly dancing classes lynnwood dance in the United States
Tribal-style belly dancers.
With its emergence at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial, the last four decades of the 20th century moved belly dancing for beginners recommend belly dance in the U.S. more into the mainstream. With increasing exploration of the East in the late 1960s, many people became belly dancing for exercise interested in everything Eastern, including dance. Many touring Middle Eastern or Eastern bands took dancers with them as they toured to provide a visual representation of their music. Many people took lessons from belly dancing in atlanta ga teachers where and when they were available. This had the effect of creating many beautiful dancers who have generated greater interest in belly dancing lessons in ulster county ny belly dancing. The increased interest in belly dancing belly dancing outer banks nc created diverse names for the same simple movements and the need to have a "style" as each teacher tried to distinguish differences in their way of teaching from other belly dancing photography teachers. This has hampered belly dance from acceptance with the more established dance forms because there is no nationally recognized choreography terminology that can be used to belly dancing restaurants in los angeles create repeatable dances.
"Cabaret" or "stage" styles have flourished in the U.S. throughout the 20th century due to their flashy and exotic overtones. Often associated with Raqs Sharqi, the mainstays of costuming for these styles include a fitted top or belly dancing supplies los angeles bra (usually with fringe of beads or coins), a fitted hip belt (again with a fringe of beads or coins), and leg coverings that include belly dancing wing costume harem pants or skirts (straight, layered, circular, or paneled). In the U.S. a "veil" may also belly dancing workouts be used; this is a three-and-a-half to four-yard piece of fabric that is used in coin hip scarves belly dancing belts part of the dance to move about and frame movements for the dancer. In the 1940s King Farouk of Egypt employed Russian ballet instructor Ivanova to teach his daughters, and it was she who first taught the great dancer Samia Gamal design belly dancing samara to use the veil to improve her arm carriage. Most Egyptian dancers use the veil as an opening prop which detroit belly dancing they discard within the first few minutes of their routines, while many Western dancers will use the veil for an entire song. Recently added costume options include full beaded dresses, called baladi dresses.
A recent free online belly dancing instructions movement in the U.S. called American Tribal Style Belly Dance, or ATS, represents everything from folklore-inspired health benefits of belly dancing dances to the fusion of ancient dance techniques from North India, the Middle East, and Africa. Created in the early 1990s by Carolena Nericcio, founder of FatChanceBellydance in San Francisco, listen to belly dancing music ATS has a format consisting of a vocabulary of steps that are designed to be listen to belly dancing music for free performed improvisationally in a lead-follow manner. Pure ATS is performed in a group, typically with a chorus of modern belly dancing music dancers using zills, or finger cymbals, as accompaniment. The music can be folkloric or modern, and the costume is heavily layered, evoking traditions of any or all of its fusion of cultural influences.
Multicultural trends that have shopping online in canada for belly dancing items shaped Western and U.S. belly dance are still at work. Ever evolving, this versatile dance keeps absorbing a blend of influences — modern fashion, film and television imagery, watch belly dancing videos the world of rock and hip hop, underground subcultures, and many other contemporary influences. The aaliyah's belly dancing in queen of the damned term used to describe the hybrid forms of belly dance is "belly dance fusion", including "tribal fusion". One of the newest belly dance fusion trends is Gothic belly dance that incorporates many belly dance styles and motifs and seeks to art belly dancing express the darkness of the unknown that has inspired the music, philosophies, and lifestyles of the Goth subculture. [1]
Belly dance in Australia
The first wave belly dancing / ungulations of interest for bellydancing in Australia was during the late 70s to 80s with the belly dancing class in melbourne fl influx of migrants and refugees escaping troubles in the middle east, particularly the war belly dancing classes in michigan in Lebanon. This was also the period that marked the increase in middle eastern musicians escaping the tensions in the region.
There were notable performers during this period. These included Amera Eid belly dancing classes simi valley who started the first bellydance boutique in Australia, Amera’s Palace, and Terezka Drnzik who established the first full time bellydance school in belly dancing classes tampa Sydney, The Akademi of Danse Orientale. Both of these experienced dancers and teachers have pedigrees linked back to Rozeta Ahalyea whose career spanned four belly dancing classes, bay area decades.
The biggest bellydancing event is the annual Sydney Middle Eastern Dance Festival which started out in 1990 as a Bellydance-a-thon to raise money for charity.
Male belly dancing
Male belly dancer in Istanbul Turkey.
There is much debate over where and when men became part of the belly dance world. Many believe that men have no place in this art form, which is frequently belly dancing clips and erroneously believed to be historically female. However, dancers such as Morocco (Carolina Varga-Dinicu), belly dancing competition ct Tariq Sultan, and Jasmin Jahal have produced ample evidence to the contrary, including historical anecdotes indicating that male eunuchs who guarded the Ottoman Sultan's harems were often dressed up to dance for the palace women. (See Ottoman Empire's belly dancing cothing rakkas).
No longer mere "set pieces" or props for the belly dancing exercises women, male belly dancers are becoming more visible. Whether there are or should be differences – in costuming, attitude, and the dynamics belly dancing fitness info of choreography – between male and female belly dancing is a subject of debate among both male and female dancers.
Well-known male dancers in the U.S. from the 1970s onward include Bert Balladine, John Compton, Adam belly dancing for beginners rating Basma, Ibrahim Farrah, Yousry Sharif, Aziz, and Amir. Some of these dancers are American-born, others were immigrants from the belly dancing for beginners review Middle East and Europe. Basma and Farrah were born in Lebanon. Sharif (who comes from Egypt and relocated to the U.S. in the early 1990s) was belly dancing for weight loss a member of the Reda Ensemble, the first national dance troupe in Egypt. Directed by Mahmoud Reda, a former gymnast who represented Egypt in the Olympics, the Reda Ensemble has existed continuously for over four decades. Other belly dancing gauteng male belly dancers across the globe belly dancing hip belts have made an impact on this dance form, most notably Horacio Cifuentes, who has infused his ballet background with various types of Middle Eastern dance to belly dancing in lynchburg va create an impact on both male and female belly-dance styles.
Given the recent boom in interest regarding belly dance, a new generation of male dancers has embraced the form. As belly dancing instruction with female dancers, many of these "next-generation" male dancers go by a single name. Most of these men are straight and consider belly dancing instructor in aurora, il area belly dancing as just another art form.
Health and belly dancing
The benefits of belly dance are both mental and physical. Dancing provides a good cardio-vascular workout and helps increase both flexibility and strength, focusing on the torso or "core muscles", belly dancing lessons in maryland although it also builds leg strength. Many belly dance styles emphasize muscular "isolations", teaching the ability to move various muscles or muscle groups belly dancing minnesota independently. Veil work can also build belly dancing online arm, shoulder, and general upper-body strength, and playing the zils can build strength and independence of the fingers. Belly dance is suitable for all ages and body types, and can be as belly dancing online videos physical as the participant chooses. As with starting any new exercise routine, people would be wise to consult their doctor before starting a belly dance regimen and to talk belly dancing pictures with the belly dance instructor to find out the level of difficulty in the classes. For many belly dancers, the practice belly dancing restaurants, boston offers mental health benefits including an improved sense of well-being, better body image and self-esteem, and the generally positive outlook that comes with regular, enjoyable belly dancing schools in dubai exercise.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that the practice of belly dancing may benefit women preparing for childbirth, as the movements strengthen and tone the pelvic floor muscles and the woman becomes more familiar with the way her muscles work. The hip-circling movements used belly dancing studios in tampa flordia in the dance may relieve some of the common discomforts of labor.[1]
Belly dancing and weight loss
Besides being an art belly dancing through the ages with asha form, belly dancing has been adapted as a health program. Since it gives a complete belly dancing video clips cardiovascular workout and strengthens the abdominal muscles, it is gaining popularity among men and women who want to lose weight. An intense sixty-minute session may burn around 330 calories. belly dancing weight loss Since one focus of belly dancing is to gain strength and flexibility in the abdomen, the dance form is said to be one of the quickest ways belly dancing workout to achieve firmness and reduce the paunch.
Prohibition of belly dancing
Belly dancing has been banned or restricted in some jurisdictions. In Egypt, there was a ban on foreign free download belly dancing instruction belly dancers for a year, until it was overturned in September 2004. [2] Palestinian National Authority culture free full length video on belly dancing minister Attallah Abu al-Sibbah has indicated houston belly dancing lessons that he plans to ban belly dancing. [3]
Belly dancing in pop culture
Music videos that include dancers who are called "belly dancers" often islamic belly dancing upset professional dancers who do not consider these "jiggle-shows" proper dance, considering their often poor technique and overtly sexy moves.
- Beyonce bellydances toward the end of her "Baby Boy" music video.
- The first stanza of Eminem's song, "Ass Like That" begins, "The way she moves, she's like learn belly dancing a belly dancer". Also, the background music used is Arabic-influenced.
- The main stanza of learning belly dancing the song "Bananza" by Akon has a line that reads, "Don't be shy girl, go meddle east belly dancing videos bananza. Shake your body like a belly dancer."
- Bellydance has recently been made widely popular by singer Shakira, whose dancing combines belly dance, Latino and modern dance styles. She danced at the 2006 Video miramar, belly dancing Music Awards in New York for her hit song, "Hips Don't Lie", recorded with Wyclef Jean. Her part-Lebanese ethnic background highly influences her bellydance style.
- Rihanna bellydances in the art of belly dancing her "Pon De Replay", "If It's Lovin' That You Want" & "SOS" music videos.
- Nelly Furtado bellydances in her "Maneater" & "Promiscuous" music videos.
- Jessica Simpson the history of belly dancing bellydances toward the end of her "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'" music video.
See also
- Dance basic topics
- List of dances
- Little Egypt (dancer)
- Zil
- Bellydance Superstars
References
- Donna Carlton (1995). Looking for tie dye belly dancing Little Egypt. Bloomington, Indiana: International Dance Discovery Books. ISBN 0-9623998-1-7.
- Belly dancing
- Serena and american tribal style belly dancing homepage Alan Wilson (1973). The Serena Technique of Belly Dancing. New York, NY: Pocket Books.
- Julie Russo Mishkin and Marta Schill (1973). The Compleat Belly Dancer. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company Books. ISBN 0-385-03556-X
Notes
- ^ In the Belly aubre belly dancing of the Goddess: Belly Dance basic belly dancing for Pregnancy and Birth: [http://www.susunweed.com/herbal_ezine/October05/childbearing.htm
- ^ Washington Times: [Egypt allows foreigners to belly dance] September 5, 2004.
- ^ The Guardian: Bellydancing out, cinema in, says Hamas April 6, 2006.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
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- ShiraNet: The Art of Middle Eastern Dance
- The Middle Eastern Culture and Dance Association
- Rakkasah Dance Festivals
- Sydney Middle Eastern Dance Festival
- OrientalDancer.net - The Belly Dance Hub
- Articles related belly dancing accessories to Bellydance
- The Hip Circle Magazine: All belly dancing and classes and utah things belly dance
- French Belly Dance Portal
- World Belly Dance Portal
- Middle Eastern Dance
- The Enchanted Dance
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