Astronauts

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Astronauts

"Spaceman" redirects here. For the science fiction film, see Spaceman (film). "Astronauts" redirects here. For the ITV sitcom, see Astronauts (TV series). For the Duran Duran album see Astronaut (album). U.S. Space Shuttle astronaut Bruce McCandless II astronaut using a manned maneuvering unit (MMU) outside the Challenger in 1984. Picture courtesy NASA An astronaut, cosmonaut (Russian: astranauts космона́вт), spationaut (French) or taikonaut (Chinese: 太空人; pinyin: tàikōng rén) is a person who travels into space, or who makes a career of doing so. The criteria for determining who astonauts has achieved human spaceflight vary (see edge of space). In the United States, people who travel above an altitude astronuts of 80 kilometres (50 miles) are designated as astronauts. The FAI defines spaceflight as over 100 kilometres (62 miles). As of September 9, 2006, a total of 454 humans have reached astrnauts space according to the U.S. definition, 448 people qualify under the FAI definition, astronauta while 444 people have reached Earth orbit or beyond.citation needed] 24 astronauts have astronuats completely left the Earth's Orbit. These individuals have spent over 29,000 crew-days (or a cumulative total of over 77 years) in space including over 100 crew-days of spacewalks.[1] Astronauts from at least 35 countries have gone into space. The U.S. awards astronaut wings to those who fly into space on their rockets. Contents 1 International variations 2 Space atsronauts milestones 3 Astronaut training 4 Astronaut astronaauts deaths 5 See also 6 References 7 External links International variations Countries whose astronauts have flown in space, as of 2000 By convention, a space traveller employed by astronaut the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (or its Soviet predecessor) is called a cosmonaut. The word is an anglicisation of the Russian word космонавт astronauts (IPA [kəsmʌˈnaft]), which in turn derives from the Greek words kosmos ("universe") and nautes ("sailor"). In the astronaut costume U.S., a space traveller is called an astronaut. The term derives from the Greek words ástron ("star") and nautes ("sailor"). For the most part, "cosmonaut" and steve robinson astronaut "astronaut" are synonyms in all languages, and the usage of choice is often dictated by political reasons. The first known use of the term "astronaut" in the modern sense was by Neil R. Jones in his short bad astronaut story The Death's Head Meteor in 1930. The word itself had been known earlier. For example, in Percy Greg's 1880 book Across the first american astronaut Zodiac, "astronaut" referred to a spacecraft. In Les Navigateurs de l'Infini (1925) of J.-H. Rosny aîné the word astronautique (astronautic) was used. The word may have been inspired by astronaut steve robinson "aeronaut", an older term for an air traveller first applied (in 1784) to balloonists. On March 14, 1995 astronaut space astronauts Norman Thagard became the first American to ride to space on board a Russian launch vehicle, arguably becoming the first American cosmonaut in the process. The term spationaut (French spelling: spationaute) is sometimes used to astronaut jones describe French space travellers (derived from Latin spatium, "space", and Greek nasa astronauts nautis, "sailor"). Europe has not yet produced manned spacecraft, but has sent men and women into space in cooperation with Russia and the United States. Taikonaut is sometimes used in English for astronauts from famous astronauts China by Western news media. The term was coined in May 1998 by Chiew Lee Yih (赵里昱) from Malaysia, who used it first in newsgroups. Almost simultaneously, Chen Lan coined it for use astronaut suicide in the Western media based on the term tàikōng (太空, literally "great apollo astronauts emptiness"), Chinese for "space". In Chinese itself, however, a single term y�"háng yuán (宇航�'�, "universe navigator") has long been used for astronauts. The closest term using taikong is a colloquialism tàikōng rén (太空人, astronaut high school "space person"), which refers to people who have actually been in space. Official English texts apollo 11 astronauts faking moon talk lunar meteorites issued by the Chinese government use astronaut (Simplified Chinese: 航天员; pinyin: hángtiān yuán). Later on, domain name "http://www.taikonaut.com" was registered by Jiao Xiaoyou(焦晓友) from Canada. Space milestones Yuri Gagarin, first person in space (1961) (USSR) Valentina Tereshkova, first woman in space astronaut helmet (1963) (USSR) The first documented attempt in human history to use a rocket for spaceflight was made in the 16th century by a Chinese Ming dynasty official, a skilled stargazer astronaut kills himself named Wan Hu. Wan fashioned a crude vehicle out of a sturdy chair and two kites affixed with 47 of the largest gunpowder-filled rockets he could find, and had astronaut jemison his servants light them as he sat on the chair. The environmental education the astronauts view resultant explosion presumably killed him. [2] The first human in space was Russian Yuri Gagarin - the Soviet cosmonaut, who was launched into space on steve robinson astronaut speaker April 12, 1961 aboard Vostok 1. The first woman was Russian Valentina Tereshkova - the Soviet cosmonaut, launched into space in rescue the astronauts June 1963 aboard Vostok 6. Alan Shepard became the first American in space in May 1961, while the first American apollo 11 astronauts faking talk august utc nasa woman in space was Sally Ride on June 18, 1983. The Soviet Union, through its Intercosmos program, allowed cosmonauts from other socialist countries to fly on its missions. An example of this is Vladimir Remek, a Czech, who became the first non-Soviet European in space in 1978 astronaut food on a Russian Soyuz rocket. On July 23, 1980, Pham Tuan of Vietnam became the first Asian in space when he flew aboard Soyuz 37. what do astronauts eat in space Also in 1980, Cuban Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez astronaut jones snl became the first person of African descent to fly in space. (The first person born in Africa to fly in space was Patrick Baudry.) In April 1985, Taylor Wang became the first Chinese-born person in space; later that year, Rodolfo Neri became the first Mexican-born astronaut steve robinson uc davis person in space. astronauts in space In 1991, Helen Sharman became the first Briton to fly in space. In 2002, Mark Shuttleworth became the first citizen of an African country to fly in space. On 15 October 2003, Yang Liwei became China's first taikonaut on the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. The first feelers - astronaut mission to orbit the moon the astronauts wife was Apollo 8 which included William Anders - who was born in Hong Kong, making him the first Asian-born astronaut in 1968. The youngest person to fly in space is Russian Gherman astronaut ice cream Titov, who was roughly 26 years old when he flew Vostok 2 (he was also the first to suffer "space sickness"), and the astronaut skills oldest is John Glenn, who was 77 when he flew on STS-95. The longest stay in space was 438 days by Russian Valeri Polyakov. As of 2005, the most spaceflights astronauts name by an individual astronaut was seven, a record held by both Jerry L. Ross and Franklin Chang-Diaz. The furthest distance from Earth an astronaut has traveled was echo me astronaut 401,056 km (during the Apollo 13 emergency). The first non-governmental astronaut was Byron K. Lichtenberg, an MIT researcher who flew on Space Shuttle mission mercury astronauts STS-9 in 1983citation needed]. In December 1990, stephen robinson astronaut Toyohiro Akiyama became the first commercial spacefarer as a reporter for Tokyo Broadcasting System, who paid for his flight. The first self-funded space tourist ancient astronauts was Dennis Tito onboard of the Russian spacecraft Soyuz TM-3 on 28 April 2001. The first person to fly on an entirely privately-funded mission was Mike Melvill, on astronaut training SpaceShipOne flight 15P (which he piloted), though this flight was sub-orbital. In the United States, persons selected as astronaut candidates receive silver Astronaut wings. Once they have flown in space they receive gold Astronaut wings. The can astronauts feel deceleration in space United States Air Force also presents Astronaut wings to its pilots who exceed 50 miles (80 km) in altitude. Astronaut training The first astronauts, both in the U.S. and USSR, tended to god is an astronaut be jet fighter pilots, often test pilots, from military backgrounds. U.S. astronauts receive a special how do astronauts eat in space qualification badge, known as the Astronaut Badge upon completion of Astronaut training and participation in a astronaut appearances space flight. Astronauts may train for extra-vehicular activity in a facility such as NASA's Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory. Astronauts-in-training may also experience short periods of weightlessness in aircraft such as the "vomit comet", a modified KC-135 which performs parabolic flights. Astronauts are also required astronaut carpenter to accrue a number of flight hours in high-performance jet aircraft. This is mostly done in T-38 jet aircraft out of Ellington Field, due to its proximity astronaut coloring page to the Johnson Space Center. Ellington Field is also where the Shuttle Training Aircraft is maintained and developed, although most flights of the aircraft astronaut neil armstrong are done out of Edwards Air Force astronaut pictures Base. Astronaut deaths Main article: Space disaster Dick Scobee, commander of the Space Shuttle Challenger during the STS-51-L mission. To date, eighteen astronauts have been killed on space missions, black astronauts and at least ten more have been killed in ground-based training accidents. Fourteen of these have died in the Space Shuttle program, coloring page astronaut during mishaps in missions STS-51-L (Space Shuttle Challenger disaster) and STS-107 (Space Shuttle Columbia disaster). See also Commercial Astronaut List of astronauts by name List of astronauts by selection Timeline of astronauts by nationality List of human spaceflights List of dr stephen robinson astronaut spacewalks and moonwalks X-15 Spaceflight records Shirley Thomas, author of Men of Space series (1960-1968) Cosmonautics Day Yuri's Night Fallen Astronaut List of astronaut charles e. brady fictional astronauts Moon Landing References ^ Manned astronautics: facts and figures, http://space.kursknet.ru/cosmos/english/other/stat_kk.sht, Alexander Anikeev, September 11, 2006, accessed September 15, 2006 ^ http://edition.cnn.com/2003/TECH/space/09/30/china.wanhu/index.html External links Encyclopedia Astronautica Encyclopedia Astronautica: Phantom astronaut columbia cosmonauts collectSPACE: Astronaut appearances calendar spacefacts Search Term: "Astronaut" Categories: Articles with unsourced statements | Astronauts nasa astronauts bio sally ride astronaut

Quails in space: Astronauts tuck into gourmet food